5.9.2008.

Some other American Civil War Soldiers from Ireland.

Union Army - The Men in Blue. Confederates Army - The men in grey.

Captain Felix Donnelly. New Jersey Militia. County Derry.

Over this past ten years when researching my own family tree I always took note of the headstone details of any Civil War soldiers graves I found. The very first Civil War soldier I found was that of Capt. Felix Donnelly at the old chaple of St. Patrick at Kennaght Desertmartin Co. Derry.

The images above and below are of the old chaple of St. Patrick at Kennaght Desertmartin Co. Derry. This chaple is on a very ancient site going back to Penal Times. It is an excellent example of the changes that happended in the generations that came through from the Penal Times as Catholic emancipation progressed. The church shown was built in 1835, renovated in 1853 and re-dedicated 16.10.1853. It was further renovated in 1913. It is no longer in use for services closing in 1973 as a new chaple was opened about two miles away.

The above view is of the Whinney glen on the slope behind the old church. In Penal times the "chaple" would probably be an old threshing barn or a thatched covered farm building situated in this glen.

Felix Donnelly's grave is on the left side of the above image. The metal surround rails are clearly seen. From the dates on Felix Donnelly's headstone he would have been born in 1828 and as such as a child he would probably have been baptised on the old Penal Church at the bottom of the Glen. We do not know what age he left for America but I feel he would as a young man have been present when the 1835 chaple was being built and probably attended its services in his teenage years growing up at Brackaslievegallon prior to emigration. In his day no doubt the church would have had a thatched roof later replaced with the current slated one. There was a school within the church grounds in the late 19th century and possibly earlier. It was demolished many years ago. It is possible that Private Andrew McGuckin noted below was born in 1836 about two miles from this church. He like Donnelly would have attended this church probably in his young years between 1836 and 1846 when he would have been 10 years of age. Looking at the age difference it is possible that Donnelly and McGuckin knew each other. Their families most certainly would have known each other.
It has been very difficult to find out any information about Felix. What I do read from his headstone is that he was from the nearby townland of Brackaslievegallon. From the quality of this headstone it would suggest that he was from a very well to do family in the area. It is known that there were three brothers also called Donnelly who were curates in the local parishes and I am of the opinion he may well have been a brother or relative. The headstone for Felix was of very high quality - it has a marble face inscription - and this most certainly indicates that his people were well off. He died on 4th Feb.1872 aged 44 years. Did he come home wounded or ill?.This is the inscription on his headstone.

Of your charity pray for the repose
of the soul of Capt. Felix Donnelly
New Jersey Militia U.S. America
Who died Brackaslievegallon
4th Feb.1872 aged 44 years

Because the name Felix is not too common in Ireland and basing my search on the keyword Felix I have been able to find three Felix Donnelly's in Civil War listings and the nearest one I come across that seems to fit the picture is a Felix Donnelly who enlisted in Brooklyn New York 10.3.1862. However if the dates on his headstone are correct he would have been born in 1828 but the dates noted on his enlistment would suggest that he was born in 1831. However birth dates were not all that well noted in those times. Of the other two Felix Donnellys one enlisted in Indiana with no date and the other also in Indiana 28.1.1862. All three noted as privates.
One item of note is that Felix Donnelly was from the townland of Brackaslievegallon on the slope of Slieve Galleon hill. Andrew McGuckin of the 69th Penn.Vols. killed at Gettysburg in July 1863 was possibly from the adjoining townlands of either Crany, Carnose and Tirgan, which one is not known for certain. If so the McGuckins and Donnellys were close neighbours. Both families would have attended the old church at Kennaght.

James Devereux. United States Navy. Co. Cork.

This is a most interesting man. Firstly he is the only navy man I have found so far and secondly the amount of information available on him thanks to a descendany relative in the States.
James Devereux was born around 1840 in Cork city. He worked as a young man in the firm of Joseph Harty & Sons bakers and corn millers on St. Patricks St. Cork city. Like so many he found his way to America and enlisted in the Union Navy at Brooklyn New York. His first term of service was from Dec.7th 1864 until Dec. 9th 1867 a three year enlistment. During these three years he served as 2nd class fireman on the following ships.The North Carolina, Ohio, Princeton, Dictator, Tahoma, Boxer and Ascutney. James was discharged from the Ascutney on the 9th Dec. 1867 on medical grounds. His discharge was signed by Commodore Rogers of the Dictator who I assume was senior officer of a group of ships.
He would appear to have headed home to Cork and after recuperation headed back to New York and re-enlisted for a 2nd time this time another 3 year enlistment from Feb.17th 1868 to Feb.11th 1871. During this enlistment he served a time as 1st class fireman on the Tuscarora. This ship possibly served in the Pacific Fleet. He as discharged from the Tuscarora at Portsmouth N. Hampshire. He would appear to have then returned to Cork because he is noted as getting married in Cork Oct. 23rd. 1873. to a Katherine Hartnett at St Paul's church. He and his wife would appear to have remained in Cork. James died rather young in Cork Nov.12th 1899. His wife Katherine died in 1937. From the dates it would appear she lived a very long life. She had as from the 28th April 1903 received a war widows pension of eight dollars per month until she died. It is noted in family tradition that James was offered land in Oklahoma for his naval service of some six years but declined and went home. I suppose he could have owned oil wells in Oklahoma but Cork men do get their priorities correct!. He is noted in his Navy records as being five foot ten inches in height, blue eyes, dark hair and fair complexion.
As a matter of interest some of you will see Deverux as not too Irish an name. Well Ireland has had immigrants from many places. The name is Anglo Norman. It is from the Norman French D'Evreux. There was at a time a very powerful Anglo-Norman gentry family with the name in the nearby county of Wexford. Perhaps James was a descendant. Who knows. The Anglo Norman names in Ireland are easily recognisable and the spelling of the names varies. In the case of Devereux it is commonly spelt as Devereaux.
Note: With thanks to a descendant relative for information on James.

Private William Hinfey Col. Edgars Co. Texas State Troopers. Confederate Army.

Like the Stinson soldiers of the 69th. Pa. Vols William Hinfey was another son of Ballymaguigan Toomebridge Co.Derry. Information on the following soldiers Hinfey and Murphy is relative to the time they served. Prior to the Civil War 1861-1865 the Regular American army was not in a divided state ie a Northern and a Southern Army. It played a major role in protecting the emigrants as they moved west into such places as Texas. It was in the American West a frontier Force. It would man the forts and effectively face off the Indian Nations and Mexicans as they they fought back as they lost their homelands. This was the Texas into which two young Irishmen would move to from an initial base in Philadelphia in the case of Hinfey and probably Alexandria Va. in the case of Daniel Murphy. Let us take a short look at their stories. These are not stories of battles and victories more an insight into how the expanding West was developing and how it affected Hinfey and Murphy.

William Hinfey are his wife are listed in the 1860 census for San Antonio 3rd.Ward Bexar Co. Texas as follows
Henfy Wm age 35 Labourer Born Ireland
Mary aged 20
WJ aged 9 born Texas.
Mary aged 7 born Texas.

Civil War Record of William Hinfey.
Name: William Hinfey
Unit: Captain Edgar's Co., Texas State Troops.
Rank - Induction: Private
Rank - Discharge: Private
Allegiance: Confederate
Notes: Wm. Henfey 1 Tex. Field Batty.

In the 1860 San Antonio, 4th. Ward census for Bexar Co. 1860.
Edgar , James, 29 , occupation. U. S. Army Quartermaster's Department.
William Hinfeys and Capt. Edgar's path would cross.

The story of how a man from Ballymaguigan Co. Derry wound up in Texas in a local Texas militia unit perceived as a Confederate army unit is fascinating. It is really the story of two families. That of William Hinfey's from Ballymaguigan Co. Derry and Daniel Murphy from Co. Cork. Both were emigrants. William could read and write while Daniel aged just 16 when his parents died arrived in America unable to read and write.
Here is some information on William Hinfey.
Around famine times circa 1847 six Hinfey children emigrated to Philadelphia from Ballymaguigan Newbridge Co. Derry. Between 1814 and 1833 some eight Hinfey children were born. These were named. Ellen, Mary, Jane, William, John, Susan, Sarah and Charles the youngest. William was born April 2nd 1825.
Ellen was married by 1833 to a local man Barney Lavery. Mary had married James Campbell in 1841. Jane married Eugene McCormick in 1844 and had a son in 1846. When the head of the Hinfey family died about 1846 the remaining six children plus Jane's husband and son set off for America. As usual Philadelphia was the port of destination from this part of Co. Derry. Willam and John decided to find their future further south into a Texas now opening up as the Europeans moved south and west. William married and was settled in San Antonio by 1850. John however decided that he would return to the main family group in Philadelphia and would also marry in 1850.
Jane Hinfey-McCormick had a second child in Philadelphia in 1848 but alas by 1850 her husband Eugene McCormick had died. She was now a widow with two young children. Her younger brother Charles was living with her.
Now widowed Jane decided to go south to Texas to join her brother William. She very soon remarried in Texas. Her two sisters had also gone south Texas earlier. Susan had married Bernard Brady an employee of Daniel Murphy (see later).
Thus circa middle 1850's prior to the Civil War William Hinfey and his three sisters were living permanently in San Antonio. Charles had already gone back north to Philadelphia. However at the start of the Civil war the now Union aligned part of the Regular Army who had protected the settlers primarily against Indians and Mexicans moved North. The Texans were left to look after their own security. This they did as citizens of San Antonio formed up their own Home Guard. William would soon find himself in Col. Edgars State Guards. However the Civil War would change a lot. I suppose Col. Edgar's State Guards as as such would be nominally Confederates in the eyes of the Union Army. The men of the unit decided they would not enrole to fight the Union army. Others did but as a half way arrangement Colonel Edgar allowed William to stay in San Antonio and work in the arsenal there. William had perhaps still too many links to his family in Philadelphia a heartland of Union Units the 69th Penn Vols. amongst them. He had to know that others such as McPeaks and Stinsons were amongst the soldiers of the 69th.
The war over William was employed repairing and restoring old buildings in the San Antonio area. He died young aged 58 in 1883 and is buried in the Cemeterio San Fernando in San Antonio. Hardly a committed Confederate simply a Militia man in the service of pre Civil War Texas but nevertheless seen through Northern eyes as a Confederate.
William the ex Confederate soldier would appear to keep his head down for the duration of the war albeit he had been conscripted into the Confederate army. When the heat was off he wrote to his brother Charles still in Philadelphia a letter dated the 29th of July 1866.

San Antonio July 29th
1866

Dear Brother,
I take my pen in hand to write to you these few lines hoping that they will find you and all the family as well as this leaves me and the family in at present thanks be to God.
Dear brother it is so long since I heard from you I hardly thought you were alive at all. I was very happy to hear of you getting married and settling down I trust you will do well and make a good living for your family.
Dear brother this place is grew so large since you left you would hardly know it. The place where John had his blacksmith shop is now covered with big Hotels and dwelling houses but since the breaking out of the war it has been very dull but things are begging to go ahead again
Dear brother I was happy to hear that you and John kept out of the army during the war I served one year in it and then got detailed to the Arsenal Department and remained there to the close of the war.
Dear brother William John is growing very big. Little Mary has had a complaint in her leg for the last six years and kept her groth down but other ways she is well
Dear brother I am doing well at present. I am working at the house carpenter since the war ended at $2 per day.
Dear brother William John will be sixteen years in April next and I am thinking of sending him to a trade about that time. He is a very good scholar. He has been going to school since I left Philadelphia. I would like for you to let me know when you write to me how boys is bound in your place to a trade and what you thought would be best for I have not made up my mind what to put him to as yet.
Dear brother, Mr Thomas Johnson and family are doing well. Peter is grew very large. Jimmy is very small but very smart. The rest of the family is growing very fast. Mrs Brady and family is well and her children are getting very big. Mr. Johnson has two large stores one on the main plaza and the other one at home.
Dear brother I would have wrote before this but I was expecting a letter from you. I hope you will writ as soon as you receive this. Direct in care of Thomas Johnson.
Dear brother me and Mary and children joins in sending our love to you and your wife and children and John and his family and all of our friends there. No more at present but I remain you brother.
Wm Hinfey.

Comments: The letter above probably the first letter that William sent north to his brother in Philadelphia after the war evidently in reply to the first communication William had heard from his family members in Philadelphia since the start of the Civil War. Remember the war had been over since mid 1865 so William did not want to rush things. There would still be raw nerves around about the recent war and certainly Philadelphia was a Union stronghold.
William speaks of having a son William John and a daughter Mary who seems to be partially crippled. He says his wife is named Mary.
William had been in Captain Edgar's troop (Daniel Murphy was in the same unit) which was formed at first mainly for the defense of San Antonio and after the first year when it moved northward many of the original members stayed behind. William John Hinfey, his son's birth date is shown as April 1851 which accounts for his not being in the 1850 census. Mary (his daughter) also not listed so she apparently also younger than William John.
Be aware that William Hinfey was living in a Texas with mixed affiliations during the pre and Civil War era. He would appear to have avoided fighting for the Confederates as such. Whether he would have chosen to fight for the Union or not if given the choice we will never know. However if he had been in Philadelphia at the time he might of his own free will have joined the Union army, perhaps even the 69th. Penn Vols.!
William Henefy (the spelling on his headstone) died in San Antonio Sept 15th 1883. He is buried in the Cemeterio de Sanfernando. in San Antonio. The above image is of his headstone there.
He had served a year as a soldier but looking at the comment in his letter seems to have "escaped" active service due to his employment in the arsenal in San Antonio. After the war was over in 1865 he worked at his trade as a self employed carpenter and worked all around the San Antonio area up to distances as great as 100 miles. He owned his own house in San Antonio and another in rural Bexar Co. He would appear to have made a reasonable living for himself but nothing as good as Daniel Murphy.
Note: In order to make William Hinfey's letter more "readable" some punctuation and spelling errors were corrected but in no way is the sense of the letter altered.

Private Daniel Murphy 1st Virginia Vols. ( U.S. Regular Army later Confederate Army). Texas Ranger,Texas State Trooper from Co. Cork. Veteran of the Mexican War.

Pvte. Daniel Murphy.

Married not one but two Ballymaguigan Hinfey ladies. Though not a man of Ballymaguigan a Cork man would marry into the Hinfeys. Let us look at the life of this remarkable man and his remarkable life who eventually married into the Hinfeys of S. Derry. Not once but twice!.
Daniel Murphy was born in Co. Cork Feb. 5th 1830. He arrived in America aged just 16 years late in 1846. He could neither read nor write. One story is that he had been shipped off to America after his parents died because his sisters feared having him as a dependent and would spoil their chances of good marriages. However there may be other clues as to why he was in America by 1846. If one looks at his Discharge paper below he states that he had been a tailor!. Well hardly I think as this is a trade that would require the ability ability to measure count and indeed read. I feel personally that the word written on the Discharge should be sailor. Coincidentally at the time there were ships that ran from Cork some via Liverpool to Alexandria Va. where in fact Daniel enlisted. Again it is known that there was a ship that did the trip from Cork called the John Marshall which did a trip that arrived in Alexandria on Sept. 30th 1846. The ships captain was Thomas Murphy and the ship was registered in Cork. Is it not possible that Daniel was related to the Captain and had been enlisted as a crew member of low rank perhaps as a cabin boy or junior rating? This may well have been against his wishes to ease pressure on his sisters. By the time he had arrived in Alexandria he had decided to jump ship. We know that it was about 10 weeks from his possible arrival on the John Marshall to his enlistment. A ship in those days would have taken quite a while to discharge but also the captain had to tout for a return cargo which may well have kept him in port for weeks. It is possible Daniel left it to the last moment to jump ship. It is also of interest to note that later Daniel would name one of his sons Thomas. Was this after the ships captain?.
There would be a bonus for joining the ranks of the U.S. Regular Army as it prepared for the Mexican war. Let us look at his war records extracted from his files.
Daniel Murphy joined Capt Montgomery Corse's Co. B of the First Virginia Volunteers. He claimed to be 18. He enrolled on Dec.16th 1846 at Alexandria Va. and the period was "the war with Mexico". He would receive $100 dollars bounty with the promise of $100 at the termination of his tour. He is named on the Co. Muster in roll taken at Richmod Va. on Dec. 30th.1846. He is mustered in on the same day. His war had commenced.
In the Co. Muster roll for period Dec. 31st 1846 until April 30th. 1947 it is noted that he had been "sent on 29th April with trains to Camargo". It also notes that the Co. is now referred to as Co. A 1st. Regt. Va. Vols. He had arrived in Mexico to fight which no doubt he had to do.
In the Muster roll for May and June 1847 under Absent or Present is the entry "Not Stated". The same entry is found for July and August. Again for Sept and Oct. we have the same entry however there is an interesting comment in the Remarks section. "Stop 1 bayonet 1.44". I assume he had lost his bayonet and the army were going to stop $1.44 from his pay for this! The war with Mexico would come to an end in 1848 and Daniel no doubt got his $100 but more importantly he would be given a grant of 160 acres of Texas land for his war service. He could start plans for his future.

Pvte. Daniel Murphys Discharge Certificate from Mexican War Service.

In the above document we see Daniel was honourably discharged on the 1st of August 1848 at Fortress Monroe Va. at the end of his term.
It is of interest to note that he is said to be 18 years of age (the same age he gave when he joined up!). Daniel was a smallish man 5 feet 7 inches in height, of light complexion, blue eyes, dark hair. The most interesting comment is that he was a tailor when he enlisted!. Perhaps this should be sailor.
It was now 1848 and he soon got involved in the protection of his assets. He still needed employment and all he knew was soldiering and he could still not read and write. He would appear to have made his way to San Antonio. What to do?. He joined the Texas Ranger Company of Big Foot Wallace and spent several years as a Texas Ranger, teaching himself to read and write, and riding escort to the mail coaches moving from San Antonio to El Paso. It is known that he was at Fort Inge in 1850 and in the course of his service on the frontier tracked and fought Indians in the Davis mountains.He saw an opportunity to form a freighting service along the same route and when forts were established along the route for permanent protection, he expanded his activities. One of his employees, Bernard Brady married a Susan Hinfey in May 1851 sister to William Hinfey written about above and early in Aug.1852 Daniel married her sister Sarah. Both families were living in San Antonio, but when the Army established Fort Davis, Murphy claimed his land in that area and built a walled compound adjacent to the Fort where he established a general store, a warehouse, a stop on his freight line and a hotel as well as a home to which he moved his wife, son Thomas and daughter in 1854-5. The Murphy women with an associate's wife were the only non-Mexican women in the entire West Bend area of Texas. Between 1854 and 1861 he and his wife had three more daughters. The main U.S. Army would now split into the North (The Union Army) and the South (the Confederate Army) when Texas joined the Confederacy. His old unit the 1st.Va.Vols of the regular Army would now become a Confederate unit. These were troubled times in Texas where there would be subsequent conflicting alliances.
Fort Davis was abandoned by the now Northern Army at the start of the Civil War and it was taken over by the Confederate forces. The Southerners could not hold the Fort in the face of active hostile Indians so they abandoned it and returned to San Antonio. The Murphy family returned to San Antonio at the same time. When the people of San Antonio formed a local guard called The Texas State Troopers, Daniel joined his friend Colonel Edgar and his brother- in- law William Hinfey as a trooper. These what were really local militias would no doubt be perceived as "Confererate" by the Union Army. Early in the war, his brother-in- law Bernard Brady died and as the war neared its end Daniel's wife Sarah also died.

Fort Davis,Balmorhea State Park, Toyahvale, Alpine in top left sector of image. Fort Stockton to the right.

In 1867 after the Civil War the U. S. Army decided to rebuild the Fort Davia and Daniel planned to return to his holdings near the fort. When his sister-in-law rejected the idea of his moving to the frontier with five young daughters in a womanless household , he married her and they moved together with her three daughters, and two sons, and his five daughters and one son back to the frontier together. By 1868 the Murphys were again established and living at Fort Davis and there they would remain. During the next 35 years Daniel expanded his land holding to include a sheep ranch, a cattle ranch, wheat farm, a flour mill, a pinery, a sawmill, two pool halls, three saloons, three general stores at various towns in the area, several homes, a town named Murphyville (later renamed Alpine), an hotel and thousands of acres of land. He even established a town (now Toyahvale) on his holdings to house the Mexicans who worked for him to insure a labour supply. He was an entepreneur, a politician, a father, husband, and even a sheriff for several years. When there was no priest in the area , he arranged with the diocese to send a priest at regular intervals and then to expedite a permanent priestly presence, he donated land and money to build a church and then a school. He would later donate what was needed to rebuild and expand the church. The entire Balmorhea State Park is located on part of his ranch "Victoria." His daughters were educated at an Ursaline Convent School in San Antonio, and four of them married West Point Graduates, one an army supplier. His first born and only son Thomas became a lawyer, surveyor, and landholder as well as a Senator. The entire city of Alpine Texas was also built on his land. It is interesting to note that Alphine was initially named Murphyville as indeed Daniel founded it. However this was later changed by the population to Alphine. Daniel was noted in later years to have said that Murphyville was perhaps "too Irish" for them! If one looks at the ranks of the U.S. Army of the era there were really few Irish soldiers the flood of mid 19th century immigrants had not yet taken place from the Irish famines. There would be quite a few Scots Irish in the ranks, men such as Davy Crockett of Alamo fame. Over all the ethos would be Protestant. This was one of the reasons amongst many others that led to the formation of the Mexican Los Patricios Brigade formed up with disillusioned Irish soldiers in the American army who changed sides and fought for Mexico. The memory of these men resonates in the relationships between Ireland and Mexico to this very day.
It would not really be until about circa 1850 when the flood of Irish immigrants started to move west would there be significant numbers of Irish born or 1st generation Irish American soldiers in the ranks of the Regular Army.
Daniel had learned that education, education, education was a very needy requirement. By sending his daughters for higher education at the Ursaline Convent In San Antonio they would aquire an education that befitted their social standing. Convent educated, refined, and sophisticated young ladies from European stock and a very rich family would have little difficulty in finding suitors in the Texas of the era. There may well have been a lot of very rich local men but perhaps not the most gentlemanly. The officers in Fort Davis most all West Pointers would have come from well to do families of high social and educational standing. They themselves would be well educated, and no doubt there was pressure on them from their folks back home to find a bride of sophistication and social standing during their tour of duty in west Texas. A difficult task. In many cases I would be certain that marrying a young Miss Murphy would have enhanced their standing with their folks back home!. Marriages took place between the young Miss Murphys and young Army officers and the resultant families settled all over. In Montana, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, California, Kansas, Texas and Pennsylvania as the Union expanded after the Civil War.
Capt. David Dougal Van Valzah of the 25th Infantry the commander of Fort Davis married Daniel Murphys daughter Ellen. He was in command of Fort Davis Aug. 23rd 1873 until Sept 1873. He was again commander of the Fort April 14th 1874 -Sept 8th 1874. David and Ellen married at San Elizario El Paso Texas in 1875. Van Valzah got a direct entry into the Army and not via West Point. He was born in Ilinois and from a noted medical family. His brother John was a surgeon in the Army but died at the seige of Vicksburg. David was a career soldier being appointed 1st Lieut. of the 12th Infantry May 1861 as the Civil War started. He was promoted Capt. in 1864 and transferred to the 30th Infantry. He was assigned to the 25th Infantry Dec 1870. Promoted major of the 20th Infantry in 1886, to Lieut. Colonel of the 24th Infantry in 1891 and colonel of the 18th Infantry in 1896. He retired in June 1899.
John Bacon McDonald another Army officer married Daniel's daughter Kate. He was in his career prompted to General. During his service in the 1st World War he was awarded the French Legion of Honour, the French Croix de Guerre and the Belgian Croix de Guerre as well as his American war Medals. He lived 1859-1928.
1st Lieut. Charles R.Ward. married Daniel Murphy's daughter Mary. Here is some information on his career.
After graduating from West point in 1871, Lt. Charles Ward reported for duty in Indian Territory (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Western Texas ) with the 10th Cavalry. He spent the next 16 years of his life on the frontier. From the daily reports of the 10th Cavalry in the Military archives, he rode out of or into *Fort Sill, Ft Huachucha, Fort Griffin, Fort Cobb, Fort Duncan, *Fort Concho, *Fort Davis, *Fort Clark, Camp Safford, Fort Stockton, Ft Reno, *Ft Grant, *Fort Richardson, *Fort Rice, Ft Bayard, Fort Stanton, and *Fort Thomas., and the Mescalero Indian Reservation, The Kiowa-Comanche Agency, and The Wichita Agency. He was an Officer, many times Commanding Officer, of companies L, I, D, F, & K. stationed at the *forts above as well as serving as Post Adjutant or detached duty from one place to another. The monthly reports of these Companies detail units in the field, scouting, chasing hostiles, engaged in patrols, etc' e.g.
The company left Fort Richardson on 10th June 1874 in search of hostile Indians, returning on the 26th of June a distance travelled 245 miles.
This type of report detailing chases, battles, engagements, losses and conditions en route was prepared every time a group returned from the field and forwarded to Washington. There are multiple hand written pages of Ward's reports on file. The reports are filled with names like Last Chance Canyon, Fork of the Red River, Taquina Piedras, Big Springs, Palafox Pegnache Crossing on the Rio Grande, Mustang Springs etc etc. Sometimes the details include, forage for animals found, but no water for 36 hours. In one case forty-eight hours when a company got lost, became disoriented and had to be found and assisted back to the Fort. Lieut. Ward was with Shafter's expedition that scouted the Staked Planes during which the troops covered almost 1000 miles and mapped the whole area which later opened it up for travel and settlers. He discovered a group of wells in a canyon which Shafter said was the biggest find of the project since they were located exactly where they could be used midway on a trip across the barren area by settlers. They were named Ward's Wells. Ward took part in at least five battles, and in the Red River Campaign, The Vittorio Campaign and the Geronimo Campaign.
Let us look at the life of Lieut. Ward for the month of October 1874.
During October 1874, Lt. Ward and his company went from Head of the Buck, to Clear Creek TX, (237 miles ) to Elm Fork of the Red, (403 miles) to camp 7 miles from Fort Sill, ten days in camp then North to Ft Cobb, on the Wishita, and northwest, then west and southwest up the Wishita to the North Fork then to the headwaters of Elm Fork of the Red River (335 miles ). The command captured 447 Comanches and Kiowa Indians and 2000 ponies and mules. 975 miles on horseback in less than 3 weeks,10 days of which were spent in camp. He started his frontier service at Ft. Sill, ended it at Fort Thomas 16 years later. He lived 1850-1901. He had left the Army in early 1888.
George H. Abbott one time judge of Presidio Co. Texas married Daniel's daughter Sarah in Feb. 12 1883.
Colonel Levi Pettibone Hunt a West Point graduate married Daniel's daughter Sue in July 1866.
Here is some information on Colonel Hunts army career from the Army Register
Levi P. Hunt was born in Missouri in 1845. Appointed to Military Academy from Mo. in 1866.
He was a West Point cadet from July 1, 1866 to June 15, 1870 when he graduated and promoted to 2nd Lieut 10th Cavalry the same day.
He served on frontier duty at Camp Supply, I.T (Indian Territory) from Dec. 1st. 1870 to Aug. 22nd 1871. Served on escort duty to October 3, 1871. Served at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, I. T. to Oct., 1872. Was on leave of absence to Jan. 17th 1873. Was on duty at St. Louis Depot, Mo. until April 16th 1873.Served on frontier duty at Fort Concho, Texas from June 21st 1873, to September 1st 1874. On operations near mouth of Concho River Tex. Dec. 3rd 1873 to Mar. 2nd 1874. From May 29th to July 28th 1874 was on expedition to Indian Territory Sept. 1st 1874, to Jan. 24th 1875. Was on leave of absence Feb. 25th to June 25th 1875. Service at Ft. Griffin Tex. Sep. 20th, 1875 to Mar.1876.
Was promoted to 1st Lieut, 10th Cavalry June 30th 1875
Scouting activity to Sep.,1876. Served at San Felipe Tex., Sep. 6th to Oct. 10th 1876. served in Regimental Recruiting Service to Mar. 10th 1877. Served at St. Louis Depot, Mo. Mar 14th to May 4th 1877.Was on leave of absence to June 3rd 1877. Served at San Felipe, Tex. June 3rd 1877 to Aug. 8th 1878. Was on leave of absence to Oct. 29th 1878.Served at Fort Worth, Tex. Nov. 1st 1878 to June 17th 1879. Served at Ft Concho Tex. to Mar. 1880. Served on scouting duty to May. 1880. Served at Fort Stockton, Tex. to July 1880. Scouting duties to Nov. 1880. Served at Fort Concho Tex. to Mar., 1881. Served at Greirson Springs Tex. to May, 1881. Served at Fort Sill. Operations Indien Territory to Nov. 1881. Served at Fort Concho Tex. Leave of absence Jan. 9th to Mar., 8, 1882 and Dec. 5, 1883, to Mar. 5, 1884) to Mar. 10, 1885, --- and to Fort Grant, Ari., to Oct. 2nd 1888. On leave of absence Oct 2nd 1888 to Jan. 18th 1889 and finally in garrison at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. From here Hunt went to Cuba, South Dakota, Montana, the Phillipines, Kansas, Iowa, and finally to Washington, D.C.where he retired in 1909
The so called "Buffalo Soldiers" of the 8th and 10th cavalry were negro units with white officers.The Indians used this name as they likened the negro's with their tight curly to the the hair on the buffalo cattle of the Plains.

Daniel Murphy would appear never to have returned to Ireland and died at his home in Fort Davis Texas Nov. 16th 1902. He was initially buried near St. Joseph's church which he originally financed but he was re-interred in an adjacent cemetery in the area after a highway was routed across the original cemetery site. Daniel had also in Nov 1901 applied for a pension for his Mexican War service.
This is a remarkable story of an Irish famine era kid from Co.Cork leaving home aged 16 probably near penniless unable to read and write, undertake what was then a horrendous journey to an unknown destination, to join an army on the brink or war, to have survived a very nasty war, to do good with the land that he was given, to survive very dangerous times in the Texas frontier. However all would start coming right for him when he fell in with and married Sarah Hinfey the lass from Ballymaguigan Co. Derry in Aug. 1852 some four years after the Mexican war ended. Neither he nor his family looked back and his luck was again re-enhanced when he married Susan Hinfey- Brady, Sarah's sister after his 1st wife died and Bernard Brady died. To get to marry two Ballymaguigan lassies in a lifetime was success in the extreme.
Note:The Texas Rangers were formed up in the very early days of Texas colinisation by the Europeans during their struggle with the Indians and Mexicans. Formed up circa 1823. At this period Texas was heavily under the control of Mexico and really part of that country. However all would change in 1836 when Texas declared its independence from Mexico. The Texas Rangers were really the cutting edge of the then American Army. Their deeds of engagement against both Mexicans and Indians became facts of history.
Note: The war with Mexico really commenced 25th April 1846 after the so called Thornton Affair in S.Texas a confrontation between some of the U.S. Regular Army and Mexicans not too pleased at the annexation of what they perceived as their lands in the S. West. As with all wars they start with simple causes and escalate. By early May 1846 the confrontation had escalated and a war scenario had developed with many skirmishes and battles to come. War between Mexico and the United States was declared on May 13th 1846. By Dec.1846 Daniel Murphy would join the U.S. Regular ranks in Va. In April 1847 he would be sent south by train to Camargo Mexico close to what is now the south Texas town of Rio Grande. He no doubt took part in the skirmishes and battles that took place between the end of April 1847 and Feb. 1848 when the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed formally ending the war.
Note:Engagements that Daniel possibly took part in were June 6th the Affair at Las Vegas New Mexico, the battles of Contereras and Churubusco Aug 19th-20th, the battle of Molino Del Rey 8th Sept, the battle of Chapultepec, the battle for Mexico city 13th-14th Sept, the siege of Puebla 14th Sept-12th Oct, the occupation of Mexico City on Sept 15th, the engagement at Huamantla Oct. 9th and the engagement at Atlixco 19th Oct. The war was effectively over. However America took its time in leaving Mexico and did not do so until 2nd Aug. 1848 when the last American soldiers left. Daniel had left Mexico some time earlier as he was discharged on 1st Aug.1848.
Many of you will have memories of Cowboy and Indian films and have preconceived ideas of what the winning of the West was all about. However having some "real" material will give a more balanced viewpoint. May I suggest you look at the Fort Davis website. You will get a much better appreciation of just where Daniel Murphy lived and raised his family. Please click on the icon below.


Note: With thanks to a Mary Utterback and Diane Scannell descendant family members for giving me information that allowed me to put together this fascinating story of these two soldiers William Hinfey and Daniel Murphy.

Private Patrick Walsh 48th Reg. Georgia Vol. Infantry. McLeod Vols. Confederate Army.

Patrick Walsh the son of Felix Walsh and Catherine McMahon of Anahorish near Toomebridge Co.Derry was born June 3rd. 1827. He was baptised at St. Patrick's chaple at Ballinderry Co.Derry. He then probably worked around the immediate area as a labourer but in 1853 aged 26 he decided to emigrate to America. He left Liverpool on August 12th 1853 on the ship Syranak and arrived in Philadelphia Sept. 15th 1853 about a month later. He probably worked in and around Philadelphia for a few years but on Nov. 16th 1856 he arrived in Savannah Ga. From Savannah he made his way to what was then a remote farming area of Emanuel Co. Georgia some 50 miles inland. In the county he worked at digging ditches and also making bricks and masonary units. He also did some building a skill perhaps learned back home. This was pre-war Georgia.
On March 4th. 1862 at Swainsbro Ga. he joined the Confederate Army enlisting in Co. H. 48th. Reg. Georgia Volunteer Infantry of Emanuel Co. McLeod Volunteers.
Patrick initially seemed to be a soldier of note as he was promoted to 4th Corporal in May 1863 just before the battle of Gettysburg. However things went wrong and for whatever reason he deserted from his unit on Sept. 21st 1863 whilst on picket duty on the Rapidan river. He would appear to have "joined the enemy" ie changed sides and joined the Union Army and took an oath to the U.S.Government at Washington D.C. and sent to New York. When the war was over he made his way south again, married and settled down. He died in Savannah Ga.1907.

The 48th. Georgia Volunteer Infantry of the Confederate Army was formed up in Georgia in the very early part of the war. In the spring of 1862 it was assigned to the Army of Northern Virginia. It fought in quite a few campaigns the Peninsula, Seven Days before Richmond, Northen Virginia, Maryland, Fredericksburg, Chancellorville and Gettysburg and the campaign against General Ulysses Grant before the spring of 1864 until the close of the war at Appotomax April 9th 1865 the end of the war. The two Walsh's enrolled in Company H whose initial commander was Capt Neil McLeod. Hence the name McLeod's Volunteers.

Private James Walsh 48th Reg. Georgia Vol. Infantry. McLeod Vols. Confederate Army.

According to the records of Ballinderry chaple Toomebridge Co.Derry James Walsh was the son of the marriage of Patrick Walsh (brother to Felix above) and Mary Gorman McGrogan thus he was 1st. cousin of Patrick above. He also emigrated to America. His path to Georgia would appear to be similar to his cousin and he also joined the same regiment and company as his cousin at on March 4th. 1862 Swainsboro Ga. His health failed early in the war. His pension records show he contracted typhoid, pneumonia and rheumatism at Charleston S.C. and was totally disabled by May 6th 1862. The roll for Oct. 1864 the last on file show him as being in hospital. A check on the regimental rosters show both men listed. One source states that both men claimed to be brothers and not cousins.

Hugh McKeever Private Capt. Burnetts Co. A 10th. Mich. Infantry. Co. Fermanagh.

Many of the soldiers on which we have information on have had some important and indeed colourfull military careers. However all were not so. Let us look at one such man.
Hugh McKeever a labourer from Co. Fermanagh decided aged 40 (an advanced age for a soldier) to join the Union Army. He enlists on Oct. 27th. 1861 for a period of three years at Howell Michigan. He is a small man 5ft. 6 1/2 inches in height. He is noted as having a dark complexion, black eyes, and black hair. He is listed as being a labourer by trade.
However Hugh's war would be a short one. In the 10th Mich. Muster-in Roll he is mustered in at Camp Thomson Flint Mich. Feb. 6th 1862 and mustered in the same day. It states on the same document that he had joined for duty and enrolled at Camp Howell Mich. Oct. 27th. 1861. So what was he up to between Oct. 27th 1861 and Feb. 6th 1862 a period of just over three months.
In the Co. muster roll from muster in until Feb. 28th 1862 he is noted as "not stated" in Present or Absent entry. In the Co. muster roll for March and April 1862 he is noted as being present. However in the Remarks column he is noted as being "Sick at Hamburg Landing". In the muster roll for May and June 1862 he is noted as being absent and in the Remarks column is noted as "Absent sick at last pay day". In the msuter roll for July and Aug. 1862 he is noted as absent and in the Remarks column is noted as "Absent supposed to be sick". In the Special Muster roll of Aug. 18th 1862 he is noted as being "absent" and in the Remarks column "Absent sick supposed to be in hospital". In the Co. muster roll of Sept and Oct. 1862 he is noted as being "absent" and in tne Remarks column "Absent supposed to be discharged. No notice". In the muster roll of Nov. and Dec. 1862 in the Remarks column "Discharged July 21st 186 Detroit Mich. Cause disability".
In the final muster out of the Co. at Sisters Ferry Ga. on Feb.5th. 1865 in the remarks column "Discharged July 21st 1862 at Detroit Mich. by order of Lieut.Col. Smith. Disability". It also notes that his last pay date "unknown".
On Hugh's Certificate of Disability for Discharge apart from his details and discharge authorisation by Lieut Col. Smith it also notes that Hugh gave Osceola Livingstoen Co. Michigan as his address. This would appear to have been his home town. However I feel that he would have started off his American adventure on the east coast perhaps immigrating into New York or Philadelphia. We shall never know.
Hugh's war was a short one he becoming sick shortly after his enlistment.
Here is the war service of the 10th. Mich.
Organized at Flint, Mich., and mustered in February 6, 1862.
Left State for Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. April 22.
Attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army Mississippi to September, 1862.
2nd Brigade, 13th Division, Army of the Ohio to November, 1862.
1st Brigade, 4th Division, Center 14th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland to January, 1863.
1st Brigade, 4th Division, 14th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland to June, 1863.
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Reserve Corps, Army of the Cumberland to October, 1863.
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 14th Army Corps to July, 1865.

Colonel James Huston Coleraine County Derry.

James Huston was said to have had to flee Ireland because of his political activity. In New York at the advanced age of 42 he enlisted in various units in the New York area. He enlisted 18.4.1861 into the 82nd New York Voluntary Infantry as a captain. On 21.5.1861 he was commissioned into E Company. He was promoted Lt.Col. 26.5.1862 and Colonel on 20.5.1863.
However he was killed at Gettysburg 2.7.1863 close to the infamous "wall" where the 69th Penn.Vol. Inf. were to take up position on 3.7.1863.

Private James Francis. Coy A. 69th New York Infantry County Down.

Though having no connections with Co. Derry because there is so little on Civil War soldiers recorded here in Ireland and because of the 69th connection I will make a few notes on him.

James was born in Greyabbey Co. Down March 3rd. 1843 just before the Great Famine. Like O'Kane James went to America to better himself as so many did. He enlisted in Co. A of the 69th New York Infantry command by Colonel Patrick Kelly. The brigade consisted of the 63rd, 69th, 88th New York, 28th Mass. and 116th Penn. Artillery support by the 7th New York Heavy Artillery.
James fought at the Battles of Cold Harbour and the seige of Petersburg. The Company muster roll shows that James was present for duty with the regiment throughout the war.
After the war he returned to the town of Newtownards Co. Down died there on Nov.16th 1921. He is buried in the ancient monastic site of Movilla graveyard at Bangor Co. Down.
Note: With thanks to the 28th.Mass. ACW Re-enactment Unit N.I.

The Reverend John Bannon. 1st Missouri Brigade. Co. Dublin.

This man was known as the famous "Fighting Chaplain" of the 1st Missouri Brigade. Born 1829 he survived the war came back to Dublin and lived a long life until he was 90. He died July 14th 1919 and is buried in the 2nd. Jesuit plot at Glasnevin cemetery Dublin city.
General Stirling Price called him the "finest fighting man I ever saw". Some sources suggest that back in Ireland Bannon was heavily involved in politics and was decidedly against young Irishmen joining the British Army. Apparently his stance did affect the numbers joining. Unlike most chaplains attached to military units and who play a low key role not getting involved in actual combat Bannon would appear to have got involved in actual combat.

George and Robert Semple. County Derry.

George and Robert Semple were brothers from Straw townland near Dungiven Co. Derry. Both fought in the Civil War one for the Union and the other for the Confederacy. Prior to the Civil War George fought for independence for Texas from Mexico. On Christmas Day 1842 three hundred men of the Texas army including George Semple crossed into Mexico and captured the town of Meir. However they were soon surrounded, bound hand and foot and later marched in winter weather to prison in Mexico city. In Feb.1843 some of them overpowered their guards and fled to the local mountains. Again they were captured and Mexican General De Santa Ana ordered that one man in ten should be shot. Each man was to find his own fate.They were ordered to be blindfolded and each draw a bean from a jar into which had been placed 150 white beans and 17 black ones. Those who drew black beans were shot on March 25th 1843. Luckily George drew a white bean and survived. He escaped again along with two others. However his two companions were caught and shot and George managed to reach Texas again some 100 miles away. He apparently took part in the California gold rush in 1849 and perhaps that in Colorado in 1859. Later he would fight in the Civil War and was wounded. He eventually made his way home to Dungiven carrying long term wounds from which he never recovered. Little know on brother Robert except he died in Dungiven in December 1896 aged 81. As now I do not know which sides they fought on. George probably with the newly emerging Union army. George is on the left above and Robert on the right.
It is of interest to note that they came from the same townland where Col. John Haslet of Revolutionary War fame was born.

Captain James Fleming. 16th New York Cavalry Volunteers. Antrim Town. County Antrim.

James Fleming was from the town of Antrim Co. Antrim. A little is known about him. He enlisted on 27th July 1863 in Albany New York as a 1st Lieut. On Oct 19th 1863 he was commissioned into "M" Co. of the New York 16th Cavalry as a 1st. Lieut. and Quarter Master. He was promoted as a Captain on the 20th Nov. 1863. He was killed in action by guerillas at Fairfax Station Virginia on August 8th 1863 aged 32. One source states that he was the only officer of this unit killed in the Civil War. The image on the left is of the family headstone sadly lying broken along the outer wall of the old now unused Unitarian Meeting House on High St. in Antrim town Co. Antrim. Here is what can be read off the damaged headstone.

Erected by Malcolm Fleming of Larne
For Sara Jane who died in America 1835 aged 33 years.
Also his son James Captain in 16th New York Volunteer Cavalry who was killed at Fairfax Virginia by a gang of guerillas 8th Aug.1863
Also Malcolm Fleming 13th Feb.1869 aged 86 years
Also wife Ann Jane died 26th Nov.1869 aged 82 years.

The expression "a gang of guerillas" is interesting. One suggestion to me states that this may well have a band of Confederate irregulars under limited control.
The image below shows the old church building. It is no longer used. It is a very old church site going way back to the end of the 18th century. It is thought that the old graveyard to the rear of the church contains graves of some of the United Irishmen who fought in the "Battle of Antrim" in 1798. The Fleming family grave can be seen alongside the outer wall with the low railings just in front of an old headstone under the second window from the left.

The old Unitarian Meeting House High St. Antrim town Co. Antrim.

Captain John C. Mitchel 1st. S. Carolina Artillery. Born County Down Ireland.

Commander Fort Sumter S.Carolina.


Capt. John C. Mitchel
Courtesy Rick Hatcher Fort Sumter National Monument.

Though the ethos of the 69th was very Irish it could be assumed that it would follow that the soldiers of the Confederacy did not have this ethos. Perhaps generally not but it must be understood that many many soldiers in the army of the men in grey were Irishmen with just as strong a love and idealism for their country as their their fellow countrymen in the uniform of blue.
Let us note the following soldiers. They were the three Mitchel brothers whose father John Mitchel a leading political activist in the Ireland of the time who was born at Camnish townland close to Dungiven Co. Derry. Here are a few notes of interest on them. John C. Mitchel was born in Newry Co. Down 24.1.1838. He and his two brothers James and William ended up fighting for the Southern cause. The reason for this has basically to do with their fathers anti English politics and is a complex Irish political subject.
John was the first foreign officer in the Army of South Carolina. He was 2nd Lieutenant/Capt. Com. B. C. and I. S.Carolina Artillery. His name first appears on the muster roll at Fort Sumter 24th. May 1861. He was appointed captain 25th March 1862 and assigned to Co. I and assumed command 21st April 1862. He commanded battery Simkins and the artillery at Fort Johnson James Island from 16th July 1863. He went on detached service in command of Fort Sumter on 4th May 1864.
Note: Mitchel and Lieut. Rhett were in charge of the artillery at Fort Moultrie that fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861 thus starting the American Civil War. He went on to become second in command and later commander of the Fort. He was killed on the S.W. angle 20.7.1864. The surround of his grave is in the shape of the outer wall fortification at Sumter. The inscription on his headstone in the Magnolia cemetery Charleston states:

I willingly give my life for South Carolina
Oh, that I could have died for Ireland

The monument was erected by his comrades well after the Civil War had ended. In fact 1878. The words he is said to have spoken prior to his death paraphrase those of another well known Irish political figure Partrick Sarsfield.

Capt. James Mitchel S. Carolina Infantry & Pvte. William Mitchel 1st.Virginia Infantry. County Down.

Captain James Mitchel of the S.Carolina Infantry was born in Newry Co. Down Ireland on Feb.1840. He like his two other brothers joined the Southern cause probably under the the influence of their father. James joined as a private in the infantry at the start of the Civil War but progressed quickly to the rank of captain. James enlisted in the Edgefield district April 15th 1861. He progressed to sergeant and captain in Co. E of the infantry. He was made 3rd. lieutenant on Oct. 23rd 1861. He was wounded sometime in 1864 in Virginia. Details are unclear about his wounds. Some sources suggest he lost and arm. Others state that he was wounded fighting in the Richmond area and also at the battles of Manassas and Chancellorsville. He is also noted as being on the staff of General Gordon at a time. He is also noted as fighting at Bull Run where he led the Montgomery Guards. His name lastly appears on a roll of May/June 1864. In the Roll of Prisoners of War it states that Capt. James Mitchel of Co. E 7th Regiment of S.Carolina Inf. Surrendered at Augusta Georgia May 19th 1865 and was paroled the same day.
He immediately went north to New York and got himself involved in the Irish politics in that city at that time. James married twice and one son Purroy Mitchel was mayor of N.Y.C. in 1914. James died in N.Y.C. 5.10.1908. He is buried in the family plot in the Bronx cemetery along with other family members and his mother Jenny Verner Mitchel. His father John Mitchel is buried in Newry Co. Down.
The youngest brother William also known as "Young Willie" was born in Banbridge Co.Down. In America he joined the army at a very young age. Probably about 17 and probably motivated by the fact that his brothers were soldiers. He joined the 1st Virg. Infantry. As a colour bearer for the regiment he took park in Picketts charge at Gettysburg but was killed there. Probably killed in the initial shelling. He has no known grave and is probably buried near the Cadori House area of the battlefield.

Cornet Llewellyn Traherne Bassett Saunderson. 11th Hussars. County Cavan.

It is difficult to designate this man's role in the Civil War. It was more a case of his attending the war for a few days rather than fighting but it is a good story.
Llewellyn was the son of high ranking Anglo Irish landed gentry family whose home was at Castle Saunderson on the Cavan Fermanagh border. Perhaps a more colourful member of the family he was commissioned as a Cornet in the 11th Hussars of the British Army in Dec. 1860. Is is just possible the family bought him a commission in the army a fairly common thing at the time.
He fell in love with socialite Lady Rachel Scott daughter of the Earl of Clonmel. However Lord Clonmel had higher expectations of his daughter and not her marrying a lowly cornet. Llewellyn was very upset by being rejected so much in fact that he decided to leave for America and join the Confederates. He managed to get to America and to Richmond Virginia. Here he made himself available as a volunteer for a regiment of Irish Light Horse being raised by Robert E. Lee.
His war and his adventures could not be said to be a success and shortly after the war ended he headed home. He managed to escape via New Orleans and found his way back to Dublin. He talked a good war and Lord Clonmel was very impressed by Llewellyn's war efforts and he was allowed to marry his daughter. This took place in 1865. Whilst in America and with the Confederates he still held his commission in the British army!. However back in Dublin he sold his commission and he and his bride made their way back to Cavan not a journey for the faint hearted in the 1860's!!!. They lived at Drumkeen Co. Cavan. He became High Sheriff for Co. Cavan but in 1886 during local agitation for Irish Home Rule the locals hissed and booed him and his wife on their way to church. He was very upset and went to live the rest of his life in Dublin. He died in Dublin March 30th 1913 and is buried in Deans Grange cemetery.
With the Confederates he was on the staff of General Fitzhugh Lee a nephew of Robert E. Lee. From what I have read about him he may well have only served only a few days as a soldier in Confederate service.
There are several stories about him. One is that Lee appointed him as one of his gallopers. In one sortie he fell of his horse and lost his sword. As a Union soldier bore down on him Llewellyn regained his sword, stood erect and gave a Masonic salute with his sword to the oncoming Union soldier who was perhaps also a Mason and who returned the secret salute and he simply slipped by and Llewellyn survived!. Another adventure saw him lose all his money in an debacle in Richmond. On the run in New Orleans it is said he escaped out the back door of an hotel as the Union soldiers came in the front. During the American Civil War some soldiers of officer rank in the British Army joined up primarily for experience of action. Llewellyn was known to his friends as Welly.